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Related Concept Videos

Liver Histology01:27

Liver Histology

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The microscopic anatomy of the liver is a complex and intricate system that comprises numerous structural units known as liver lobules, each of which is comparable in size to a sesame seed. These hexagonal structures consist of plates of liver cells or hepatocytes, which are characterized by their versatility and abundance of cellular apparatus like rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
Hepatocytes perform a variety of essential functions. They secrete...
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Gross Anatomy of the Liver01:17

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The liver, the largest gland within the human body, is a firm and reddish-brown organ. This wedge-shaped structure weighs approximately 1.5 kg and occupies a significant portion of the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions. It extends more to the right of the body's midline than to the left.
Located under the diaphragm, the liver is almost entirely ensconced within the rib cage, providing it with substantial protection. Except for the superior most bare area, the liver's surface is...
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Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Mass Cytometry Analysis of Systemic and Local Immune Responses in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Macrotrabecular-Massive Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Light and Shadow in Current Knowledge.

Anna Sessa1,2,3, Sébastien Mulé2,3,4, Raffaele Brustia2,3,5

  • 1Hepatology Department, APHP, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France.

Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
|August 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinoma (MTM-HCC) is rare but clinically significant. This subtype indicates poor prognosis due to adverse features and heightened angiogenesis, impacting patient outcomes.

Keywords:
TP53angiopoietin 2 inhibitorshepatocellular carcinomaimmunotherapymacrotrabecular

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatobiliary Medicine
  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinoma (MTM-HCC) is a rare subtype of liver cancer.
  • MTM-HCC presents unique epidemiological and clinical characteristics.
  • It serves as a model for studying the interplay between angiogenesis and cancer cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on MTM-HCC.
  • To highlight the distinct pathological and prognostic features of MTM-HCC.
  • To explore the role of angiogenesis in MTM-HCC development and progression.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing scientific literature.
  • Analysis of epidemiological and clinical data related to MTM-HCC.
  • Examination of gene expression profiling studies focusing on MTM-HCC.

Main Results:

  • MTM-HCC is associated with adverse prognostic factors including elevated Alfa-foetoprotein (AFP) levels, larger tumour size, vascular invasion, and satellite nodules.
  • The MTM-HCC subtype independently predicts early and overall tumour recurrence.
  • Gene expression profiling reveals significant activation of angiogenesis, with overexpression of angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA).

Conclusions:

  • MTM-HCC is a distinct subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma with significant prognostic implications.
  • Angiogenesis activation, characterized by ANGPT2 and VEGFA overexpression, is a key feature of MTM-HCC.
  • Understanding these features is crucial for predicting patient outcomes and potentially developing targeted therapies.