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Clinical Manifestations and Complications of Children With COVID-19 Compared to Other Respiratory Viral Infections: A

Giuliana Pucarelli-Lebreiro1, Marianna Tavares Venceslau2, Catherine Crespo Cordeiro1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Puericultura Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|August 4, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric COVID-19 cases showed diverse symptoms, with older age, lower leukocytes, and contact with a suspected case being key indicators. While intensive care unit admission was higher, mortality rates were similar to other viral infections.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) presents diverse clinical manifestations in children and adolescents.
  • Comorbidities and co-infections with other respiratory viruses can influence severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory aspects of pediatric COVID-19 patients.
  • To compare COVID-19 cases with other viral infections during the initial pandemic year.
  • To identify factors associated with COVID-19 in hospitalized children.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of pediatric patients (<18 years) admitted with upper airway infections.
  • Follow-up for 30 days, with SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis as the primary outcome.
  • Logistic regression analysis to identify independent predictors of COVID-19.

Main Results:

  • 105 out of 533 recruited patients had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Older age, lower leukocyte count, and contact with a suspected case were independently associated with COVID-19.
  • COVID-19 patients had higher odds of ICU admission (OR=1.99), but mortality was not significantly different.

Conclusions:

  • Other respiratory viruses circulated alongside SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized children.
  • Older age, lower leukocytes, and contact with a suspected case are significant predictors of pediatric COVID-19.
  • Despite increased ICU admissions, COVID-19 did not lead to higher mortality in this pediatric cohort.
Abstract

Keywords:
BrazilCOVID-19childrenhospitalizedrespiratory viruses infections

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