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Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions.

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

Predicting Molecular Geometry

Predicting Molecular Geometry

VSEPR Theory for Determination of Electron Pair Geometries

Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms

Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms

The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the 3s orbital, giving a 1s22s22p63s1 configuration. The electrons occupying the outermost shell orbital(s) (highest value of n) are called valence electrons, and those occupying the inner shell orbitals are called core electrons. Since the core electron shells correspond to noble gas electron configurations, we can abbreviate electron...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 2, 2025

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

Published on: November 28, 2016

MgMn₄Ga₁₈: a novel three-shell gallium cluster structure.

Nazar Pavlyuk¹, Grygoriy Dmytriv¹, Volodymyr Pavlyuk¹

¹Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ivan Franko Lviv National University, Kyryla and Mefodiya str. 6, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine.

Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry

|August 4, 2022

Summary

Researchers synthesized a novel magnesium tetramanganese octadecagallium (MgMn4Ga18) compound. Its unique structure features nested core-shell clusters, confirmed by X-ray diffraction and electronic structure calculations.

Keywords:

chemical bonding core–shell cluster crystal structure electronic structure ternary gallide

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Last Updated: Sep 2, 2025

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

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Published on: November 28, 2016

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Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups

Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups

Published on: February 11, 2012

Area of Science:

Solid-state chemistry
Crystallography
Computational materials science

Background:

Ternary gallides represent a class of intermetallic compounds with complex structures.
Understanding the atomic arrangement and bonding in novel gallides is crucial for materials discovery.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize the new ternary gallide MgMn4Ga18.
To elucidate the complex crystal structure of MgMn4Ga18.
To investigate the electronic structure and confirm the proposed cluster model.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction for crystal structure determination.
Synthesis of the MgMn4Ga18 compound.
Tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbital atomic sphere approximation (TB-LMTO-ASA) for electronic structure calculations.

Main Results:

The novel ternary gallide MgMn4Ga18 was successfully synthesized.
The crystal structure was determined to be a unique three core-shell cluster compound: [MgGa16@Ga32@Ga40].
Electronic structure calculations confirmed the core-shell packing of the identified clusters.

Conclusions:

MgMn4Ga18 exhibits a complex and novel three core-shell cluster structure.
The structural model is validated by both experimental diffraction data and theoretical electronic structure calculations.
This discovery expands the known structural diversity of ternary gallides.