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Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques01:08

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques

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Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...
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Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction01:19

Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction

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Acid halides are reduced to alcohols in the presence of a strong reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride.
The mechanism proceeds in three steps. First, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Next, the carbonyl group is re-formed, and the halide ion departs as a leaving group, generating an aldehyde. A second nucleophilic attack by the hydride yields an alkoxide ion, which, upon protonation, gives a primary alcohol as...
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Acid Halides to Ketones: Gilman Reagent01:14

Acid Halides to Ketones: Gilman Reagent

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Lithium dialkyl cuprate, also known as Gilman reagents, selectively reduces acid halides to ketones. The acid chloride is treated with Gilman reagent at −78 °C in the presence of ether solution to produce a ketone in good yield.
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Energetics of Solution Formation02:35

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The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, which is a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
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Leveling Effect and Non-Aqueous Acid-Base Solutions

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This lesson defines the leveling effect in acidic and basic solutions and its role in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions. It is essential to understand the competing nature of various species in a chemical system.
The Leveling Effect of a Solvent
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1,3,5-Triphenylbenzene and Corannulene as Electron Receptors for Lithium Solvated Electron Solutions
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Optimize Lithium Deposition at Low Temperature by Weakly Solvating Power Solvent.

Tao Ma1,2, Youxuan Ni1,2, Qiaoran Wang1,2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|August 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Weakly solvating electrolytes enable uniform lithium deposition and efficient cycling in lithium metal batteries at low temperatures. This research clarifies solvent solvating power

Keywords:
Desolvation EnergyLithium DendritesLithium Metal BatteriesLow Temperature ElectrolyteSolvating Power

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Lithium (Li) metal batteries face safety challenges at low temperatures due to disordered Li deposition.
  • Understanding electrolyte properties is crucial for improving low-temperature performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between solvent solvating power and the reversibility of Li deposition/stripping at low temperatures.
  • To develop stable Li metal batteries for operation at -40°C.

Main Methods:

  • Electrolyte formulation with varying solvent solvating powers.
  • Electrochemical characterization of Li deposition/stripping efficiency.
  • Fabrication and testing of full cells with Li metal anodes and sulfurized polyacrylonitrile cathodes at -40°C.

Main Results:

  • Electrolytes with weakly solvating solvents exhibit lower desolvation energy.
  • Uniform Li deposition morphology and high deposition/stripping efficiency (97.87%) achieved at -40°C.
  • Stable cycling of a full cell demonstrated at -40°C using a weakly solvating electrolyte.

Conclusions:

  • Solvent solvating power is a critical factor governing Li deposition behavior at low temperatures.
  • Weakly solvating electrolytes are promising for enabling safe and efficient low-temperature operation of Li metal batteries.