[Dermatologic manifestations of vitamin and mineral deficiency]

Vitamin and mineral deficiency can lead to a wide variety of clinical symptoms. The skin, as a frequent site of manifestation of these diseases, can be a decisive cue for diagnosis. Deficiency occurs when micronutrients are insufficiently supplied to the organism, intestinal absorption is disturbed, or there are genetic defects that favor a deficiency. Predisposing factors and common triggers for diseases associated with deficiency in our latitudes are alcoholism, autism, psychiatric illnesses, eating disorders, special forms of nutrition (e.g., veganism), medications, gastrointestinal illnesses, bariatric surgeries, and periods of increased need (e.g., growth, pregnancy, lactation, infections). This article presents general and specific mucocutaneous changes that should suggest vitamin or mineral deficiency. Since vitamin C and zinc deficiency are among the deficiency dermatoses that cause characteristic skin symptoms, the symptoms of scurvy and acrodermatitis enteropathica are examined in more detail.