Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis01:23

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis

84
Mechanistic models are utilized in individual analysis using single-source data, but imperfections arise due to data collection errors, preventing perfect prediction of observed data. The mathematical equation involves known values (Xi), observed concentrations (Ci), measurement errors (εi), model parameters (ϕj), and the related function (ƒi) for i number of values. Different least-squares metrics quantify differences between predicted and observed values. The ordinary least...
84
Traits and States01:17

Traits and States

303
Personality traits represent consistent patterns in behavior, thoughts, and emotions, reflecting an individual's tendencies across various situations. For example, extraversion, a well-known trait, manifests in individuals as talkative, energetic, and enthusiastic behaviors. These traits are stable over time, offering a reliable framework for predicting how people might act in different contexts. However, they do not define every moment of an individual's life. In contrast to traits,...
303
Regression Toward the Mean01:52

Regression Toward the Mean

6.5K
Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
6.5K
Multiple Regression01:25

Multiple Regression

3.1K
Multiple regression assesses a linear relationship between one response or dependent variable and two or more independent variables. It has many practical applications.
Farmers can use multiple regression to determine the crop yield based on more than one factor, such as water availability, fertilizer, soil properties, etc. Here, the crop yield is the response or dependent variable as it depends on the other independent variables. The analysis requires the construction of a scatter plot...
3.1K
Trait Theory by Gordon Allport01:20

Trait Theory by Gordon Allport

1.1K
Gordon Allport, often regarded as the father of American personality psychology, developed a theory that emphasized the importance of understanding people in their present lives rather than focusing on their past, as psychoanalysis did. Allport believed that personality should be studied in healthy, well-adjusted individuals rather than those with psychological problems. He was particularly interested in defining traits, which he saw as fundamental mental structures that guide behavior across...
1.1K
Residuals and Least-Squares Property01:11

Residuals and Least-Squares Property

7.8K
The vertical distance between the actual value of y and the estimated value of y. In other words, it measures the vertical distance between the actual data point and the predicted point on the line
If the observed data point lies above the line, the residual is positive, and the line underestimates the actual data value for y. If the observed data point lies below the line, the residual is negative, and the line overestimates the actual data value for y.
The process of fitting the best-fit...
7.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Psychometric Evaluation of a Contextualized Version of the German BFI-2 for the Digital World Across Self- and Other-Ratings.

Journal of personality assessment·2026
Same author

Assessing epilepsy-related attitudes in face-to-face interviews: A survey mode comparison using the Scales of the Attitudes toward People with Epilepsy.

Journal of health psychology·2026
Same author

Impact pathways of a homestead food production programme on women's dietary diversity in Bangladesh.

Nature food·2026
Same author

How to Use Residual Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling to Study Individual Differences and Intraindividual Variability in Experimental Factorial Designs: A Tutorial.

Multivariate behavioral research·2026
Same author

Methodological illustration using machine learning methods to predict cancer-related fatigue in cancer patients.

Journal of behavioral medicine·2026
Same author

Nutrition-sensitive agriculture programme impacts women's mental health via food security in rural Bangladesh.

BMJ global health·2026
Same journal

Bayesian evaluation for latent variable models: A tutorial on computing information criteria and bayes factors with the r package bleval.

Psychological methods·2026
Same journal

A stochastic block prior for clustering in graphical models.

Psychological methods·2026
Same journal

Three-level vector autoregressive models.

Psychological methods·2026
Same journal

Scaling cognitive modeling to big data: A deep learning approach to studying individual differences in evidence accumulation model parameters.

Psychological methods·2026
Same journal

Best practices in multilevel modeling for within-cluster group comparisons: An evaluation of coding strategies reflecting group composition and heterogeneity.

Psychological methods·2026
Same journal

A unified framework for psychometrics in experimental psychology: The standardized generalized hierarchical factor model.

Psychological methods·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Development of an Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model using a Linear Mixed-Effects Approach
04:35

Development of an Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model using a Linear Mixed-Effects Approach

Published on: July 3, 2020

3.4K

Comparing revised latent state-trait models including autoregressive effects.

Nele Stadtbaeumer1, Stefanie Kreissl2, Axel Mayer1

  • 1Department of Psychological Methods and Evaluation, Faculty of Psychology and Sport Science, Bielefeld University.

Psychological Methods
|August 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study compares two models for understanding behavioral change over time: the trait-state occasion (TSO) model and the latent state-trait model with autoregression (LST-AR). The models are equivalent when trait loadings vary, offering insights into longitudinal behavior dynamics.

More Related Videos

Using Cholesky Decomposition to Explore Individual Differences in Longitudinal Relations between Reading Skills
06:52

Using Cholesky Decomposition to Explore Individual Differences in Longitudinal Relations between Reading Skills

Published on: September 17, 2019

6.4K
Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits
08:27

Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits

Published on: September 27, 2019

7.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Development of an Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model using a Linear Mixed-Effects Approach
04:35

Development of an Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model using a Linear Mixed-Effects Approach

Published on: July 3, 2020

3.4K
Using Cholesky Decomposition to Explore Individual Differences in Longitudinal Relations between Reading Skills
06:52

Using Cholesky Decomposition to Explore Individual Differences in Longitudinal Relations between Reading Skills

Published on: September 17, 2019

6.4K
Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits
08:27

Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits

Published on: September 27, 2019

7.0K

Area of Science:

  • Social and Behavioral Sciences
  • Psychometrics
  • Longitudinal Data Analysis

Background:

  • Understanding behavioral stability and change over time is crucial in social and behavioral sciences.
  • Researchers analyze measures for stable construct components, situational fluctuations, method effects, and random error.
  • Key models for longitudinal data include the trait-state occasion (TSO) model and the latent state-trait model with autoregression (LST-AR).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the TSO model and the LST-AR model using revised latent state-trait theory (LST-R theory).
  • To demonstrate the formulation of the LST-AR model within LST-R theory.
  • To discuss the practical implications of these longitudinal modeling approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Application of revised latent state-trait theory (LST-R theory).
  • Formulation of the latent state-trait model with autoregression (LST-AR) based on LST-R theory.
  • Comparison of TSO and LST-AR models, including bivariate versions.

Main Results:

  • The study demonstrates the equivalence of the TSO and LST-AR models under specific conditions.
  • Equivalence is achieved when trait loadings are permitted to vary across time points.
  • This equivalence holds true for both univariate and bivariate model specifications.

Conclusions:

  • The latent state-trait model with autoregression (LST-AR) can be formulated using LST-R theory.
  • The TSO and LST-AR models are equivalent when trait loadings vary longitudinally.
  • These findings provide a unified framework for analyzing longitudinal behavioral data, illustrated with cancer-related fatigue in Hodgkin lymphoma patients.