Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Overview of Synapses01:25

Overview of Synapses

2.9K
A synapse is a specialized structure where two neurons connect, allowing them to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron. It is the point of communication between neurons. The term "synapse" is derived from the Greek word "synapsis," which means "conjunction." The entire process of neural communication revolves around the synapse. When activated, a neuron releases chemicals known as neurotransmitters into the synapse. These neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind to...
2.9K
Brain Waves01:23

Brain Waves

2.0K
Brain waves are electrical signals generated by the neurons in the brain, which are regularly monitored to measure mental activities. Brain waves and their frequency ranges can be measured using an electroencephalogram or EEG. There are four main types of brain waves, each with distinct characteristics:
2.0K
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

39.8K
Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
39.8K
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

1.5K
Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
1.5K
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

4.1K
The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
4.1K
Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

1.5K
Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Salient experiences enhance mundane memories through graded prioritization.

Science advances·2025
Same author

Co-localized optode-electrode design for multimodal functional near infrared spectroscopy and electroencephalography.

Neurophotonics·2025
Same author

Beta-band neural variability reveals age-related dissociations in human working memory maintenance and deletion.

PLoS biology·2024
Same author

Lesion network guided delta frequency neuromodulation improves cognition in patients with psychosis spectrum disorders: A pilot study.

Asian journal of psychiatry·2024
Same author

A pilot study to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of lesion network guided transcranial electrical stimulation in outpatients with psychosis spectrum illness.

Asian journal of psychiatry·2023
Same author

A meta-analysis suggests that tACS improves cognition in healthy, aging, and psychiatric populations.

Science translational medicine·2023
Same journal

Erratum for the Research Article "Detecting supramolecular organic nanoparticles during heat wave".

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Local signals, systemic decline.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

The mechanics of liver regeneration.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Computing in a memory with physics.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Retraction.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Making time.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice
07:33

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Published on: June 29, 2018

11.9K

Synchronizing neural rhythms.

Robert M G Reinhart1,2

  • 1Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Personalized, noninvasive neuromodulation techniques can improve cognitive functions in individuals with impairments. This network-based approach offers a promising avenue for cognitive enhancement.

More Related Videos

Inter-Brain Synchrony in Open-Ended Collaborative Learning: An fNIRS-Hyperscanning Study
04:44

Inter-Brain Synchrony in Open-Ended Collaborative Learning: An fNIRS-Hyperscanning Study

Published on: July 21, 2021

4.3K
Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice
10:56

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

Published on: August 2, 2017

10.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice
07:33

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Published on: June 29, 2018

11.9K
Inter-Brain Synchrony in Open-Ended Collaborative Learning: An fNIRS-Hyperscanning Study
04:44

Inter-Brain Synchrony in Open-Ended Collaborative Learning: An fNIRS-Hyperscanning Study

Published on: July 21, 2021

4.3K
Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice
10:56

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

Published on: August 2, 2017

10.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Cognitive impairments significantly impact daily functioning and quality of life.
  • Current therapeutic strategies for cognitive deficits have limitations.
  • Network-based approaches offer novel insights into brain function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of personalized, noninvasive network-based neuromodulation for cognitive enhancement.
  • To determine if tailored neuromodulation can improve specific cognitive domains.
  • To explore the underlying neural mechanisms of cognitive improvement.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced neuroimaging techniques to map individual brain networks.
  • Developed personalized neuromodulation protocols based on network analysis.
  • Employed noninvasive brain stimulation methods (e.g., TMS, tDCS) targeting specific brain regions.
  • Assessed cognitive performance using standardized neuropsychological tests before and after intervention.

Main Results:

  • Significant improvements were observed in key cognitive functions, including memory, attention, and executive functions.
  • Personalized neuromodulation led to greater cognitive gains compared to non-personalized approaches.
  • Network analysis revealed changes in brain connectivity patterns correlating with cognitive improvements.
  • The noninvasive nature of the intervention was well-tolerated by participants.

Conclusions:

  • Personalized, noninvasive network-based neuromodulation is a viable and effective strategy for aiding impaired cognition.
  • This approach holds potential for developing targeted interventions for various neurological and psychiatric conditions.
  • Future research should focus on long-term efficacy and broader clinical applications.