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Grassland soil carbon sequestration: Current understanding, challenges, and solutions.

Yongfei Bai1,2, M Francesca Cotrufo3

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Grasslands are vital soil carbon sinks. Enhancing plant diversity and improving grazing management can significantly boost carbon sequestration, offering natural climate solutions for global grasslands.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Soil Science
  • Climate Science

Background:

  • Grasslands store a significant portion of global terrestrial carbon.
  • Soil organic carbon (SOC) is crucial for grassland health and climate regulation.
  • Climate change impacts grassland carbon dynamics through altered plant and microbial processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the potential of grassland management and restoration for carbon sequestration.
  • To quantify the SOC sequestration potential of biodiversity restoration and improved grazing.
  • To highlight grasslands as key natural climate solutions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing studies on grassland carbon cycling.
  • Analysis of data on SOC storage influenced by plant diversity and microbial activity.
  • Estimation of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) sequestration potential for different management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Plant diversity enhances SOC storage by increasing belowground biomass and microbial necromass.
  • Biodiversity restoration in grasslands offers a sequestration potential of 2.3–7.3 billion tons CO2e year⁻¹.
  • Improved grazing management can sequester 148–699 megatons CO2e year⁻¹, and sown legumes 147 megatons CO2e year⁻¹.

Conclusions:

  • Grassland biodiversity restoration and improved grazing management are effective natural climate solutions.
  • These strategies can significantly increase soil organic carbon sequestration in global grasslands.
  • Optimizing grassland management is essential for mitigating climate change and enhancing ecosystem services.