Direct Determination of Band Gap of Defects in a Wide Band Gap Semiconductor

Crystal defects play an important role in the degradation and failure of semiconductor materials and devices. Direct determination of band gap of defects is a critical step for clarifying how the defects affect the physical properties of semiconductors. Here, high-quality aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films were grown epitaxially on single-crystal Al₂O₃ substrates via pulsed laser deposition. The atomic structure and band gap of three types of inversion domain boundaries (IDBs) in AlN were determined using aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy and atomic-resolution valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy. It was found that the band gap of all of the IDBs reduces evidently compared to that of the bulk AlN. The maximum band gap reduction of the IDBs is 1.0 eV. First-principles calculations revealed that the band gap reduction of the IDBs is mainly due to the rise of p orbital at the valence band maximum, which originates from the elongated Al-N bonds along the [0001] direction at the IDBs. The successful band gap determination of defects paves an avenue for quantitatively evaluating the effect of defects on the performance of semiconductor materials and devices.