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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Author Spotlight: Characterizing DNA Replication of Pathogenic Repeats to Uncover Mechanisms of Replication Fork Stalling and Expansion
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Repeat-based holocentromeres influence genome architecture and karyotype evolution.

Paulo G Hofstatter1, Gokilavani Thangavel1, Thomas Lux2

  • 1Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, NRW 50829, Germany.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Centromere type influences genome structure and evolution. Holocentromeres, found along entire chromosomes in beak-sedges, reshape 3D genome architecture and drive karyotype evolution through chromosome fusions.

Keywords:
Rhynchosporacentromeredysploidygenome regulationholocentric chromosomesspatial genome organizationtransposable elementswhole-genome duplication

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Cytogenetics

Background:

  • Most eukaryotes have monocentric chromosomes with a single centromere.
  • Holocentric chromosomes, with centromeres along the entire length, occur in some plant and animal lineages.
  • Understanding the impact of centromere type on genome organization and evolution is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare genome organization and evolution in relation to centromere type.
  • To investigate the role of repeat-based holocentromeres in beak-sedges (Rhynchospora spp.) and their monocentric relative (Juncus effusus).
  • To elucidate how the transition to holocentricity affects 3D genome architecture and karyotype evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Assembly of chromosome-scale genomes for three beak-sedge species and one monocentric relative.
  • Analysis of genome organization, including 3D genome architecture and centromere distribution.
  • Comparative genomics to study karyotype evolution and chromosome number reduction/fusion events.

Main Results:

  • Holocentricity redefined 3D genome architecture by altering genomic compartments.
  • Centromere function is distributed across thousands of repeat-based units genome-wide in holocentric species.
  • Rhynchospora pubera exhibits complex genome organization revealing octoploidy; R. tenuis shows a reduced chromosome number (two chromosomes).
  • Chromosome fusions, facilitated by repeat-based holocentromeres, were key drivers of karyotype evolution and diploidization.

Conclusions:

  • Centromere type profoundly influences genome architecture and evolutionary trajectories.
  • Repeat-based holocentromeres facilitate chromosome fusions, contributing to karyotype diversification and stability.
  • This study provides insights into genome evolution shaped by diverse centromere organizations.