Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

7.2K
The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
7.2K
Solubility03:00

Solubility

18.0K
Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
18.0K
Solubility Equilibria: Ionic Product of Water01:16

Solubility Equilibria: Ionic Product of Water

1.1K
Pure water is a weak electrolyte; only a small amount ionizes into hydrogen and hydroxide ions. At any given temperature, the concentration of undissociated water is almost constant, so the ionic product of water is the product of the hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations, denoted as Kw. The square root of Kw gives the individual ion concentrations.
The ionic product of water varies with temperature, and its value is 1.0 x 10−14 at standard experimental conditions. Per Le...
1.1K
Solubility Equilibria03:07

Solubility Equilibria

53.2K
Solubility equilibria are established when the dissolution and precipitation of a solute species occur at equal rates. These equilibria underlie many natural and technological processes, ranging from tooth decay to water purification. An understanding of the factors affecting compound solubility is, therefore, essential to the effective management of these processes. This section applies previously introduced equilibrium concepts and tools to systems involving dissolution and precipitation.
The...
53.2K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

63.9K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
63.9K
Solvents01:12

Solvents

66.3K
A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...
66.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Generation of Pathway Signatures by Combining Normal Modes with Weighted Ensemble Simulations.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

A principled basis for nonequilibrium network flows.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

"Excluded phenotypes" restrict genetic paths toward adaptation in declining populations.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Hydration-Free Energies for Small Molecules With Physics-Based Descriptors: Graph Neural Network With Cross-Attention.

Journal of computational chemistry·2025
Same author

Modeling Protein-Protein and Protein-Ligand Interactions by the ClusPro Team in CASP16.

Proteins·2025
Same author

Statistical Mechanical Theory of Liquid Water.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Cell Membrane Biophysics - Exploring Interactions and Challenges Through Experimental and Computational Approaches
07:31

Author Spotlight: Advancing Cell Membrane Biophysics - Exploring Interactions and Challenges Through Experimental and Computational Approaches

Published on: September 1, 2023

2.5K

Crustwater: Modeling Hydrophobic Solvation.

Ajeet Kumar Yadav1, Pradipta Bandyopadhyay1, Evangelos A Coutsias2

  • 1School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|August 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary

We introduce Crustwater, a fast statistical mechanical model for nonpolar solvation in water. It accurately predicts solvation and offers new insights into the hydrophobic effect, particularly regarding entropy and solute size transitions.

More Related Videos

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes
09:42

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes

Published on: January 16, 2016

9.1K
Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid
05:08

Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid

Published on: September 20, 2017

17.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Cell Membrane Biophysics - Exploring Interactions and Challenges Through Experimental and Computational Approaches
07:31

Author Spotlight: Advancing Cell Membrane Biophysics - Exploring Interactions and Challenges Through Experimental and Computational Approaches

Published on: September 1, 2023

2.5K
Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes
09:42

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes

Published on: January 16, 2016

9.1K
Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid
05:08

Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid

Published on: September 20, 2017

17.0K

Area of Science:

  • Statistical mechanics
  • Physical chemistry
  • Computational modeling

Background:

  • Understanding nonpolar solvation in water is crucial for explaining the hydrophobic effect.
  • Existing models can be computationally expensive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a fast and accurate statistical mechanical model for nonpolar solvation.
  • To gain new insights into the hydrophobic effect using this model.

Main Methods:

  • The Crustwater model treats bulk water with the Cage Water model.
  • It incorporates a solvation shell of structured waters ('crust').
  • The model is analytical and computationally efficient.

Main Results:

  • Crustwater accurately predicts solvation across temperature, pressure, and solute size.
  • Thermal predictions match costly explicit models like TIP4P/2005.
  • The model reveals solute-water translational entropy drives cold water insolubility, not water-water orientations.

Conclusions:

  • Crustwater provides accurate and efficient predictions for nonpolar solvation.
  • The hydrophobic effect is primarily driven by solute-water translational entropy in cold water.
  • A critical solute size transition occurs at the Angstrom scale.