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Common Neural Mechanisms Control Attention and Working Memory.

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Selecting items in working memory (WM) and during attention uses shared brain mechanisms. Brain activity patterns for selecting visible items were interchangeable with those for selecting items from WM, suggesting a common neural control.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Qualitative similarities exist between working memory (WM) and attention.
  • The neural basis for shared mechanisms between WM and attention remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if selecting items in WM shares neural mechanisms with attentional selection.
  • To test the hypothesis that WM selection utilizes similar neural processes as attention shifts to visible items.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and machine learning were used in human subjects.
  • Decoding of item selection during visual attention and WM recall.
  • Analysis of activity patterns in visual, parietal, and frontal cortices.

Main Results:

  • Brain activity patterns predicted the locations of selected items in both visual attention and WM.
  • Classifiers trained on attention data successfully predicted WM selection, and vice versa.
  • Visualization revealed enhanced neural population gains at selected item locations for both external and internal selection.

Conclusions:

  • Selecting perceived items and items in working memory share a common neural mechanism.
  • This mechanism is analogous to a spatial attention shift, modulating neural population gains.
  • This finding provides evidence for a generalized selection mechanism across perception and memory.