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The Insect Galleria mellonella as a Powerful Infection Model to Investigate Bacterial Pathogenesis

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Single mutation makes Escherichia coli an insect mutualist.

Ryuichi Koga¹, Minoru Moriyama², Naoko Onodera-Tanifuji²

¹Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan. r-koga@aist.go.jp.

Nature Microbiology

|August 4, 2022

Summary

Researchers experimentally evolved free-living Escherichia coli into insect mutualists by infecting stinkbugs. Mutations disrupting carbon catabolite repression enabled this symbiotic relationship, offering insights into microbial mutualism evolution.

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Published on: August 12, 2021

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Evolutionary Biology
Symbiosis Research

Background:

Microorganisms frequently engage in symbiotic relationships with hosts.
The evolutionary pathways from free-living microbes to mutualists remain largely uncharacterized.
The stinkbug Plautia stali typically relies on the essential gut symbiont Pantoea sp.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the evolution of free-living microorganisms into insect mutualists.
To establish an experimental system for studying host-microbe symbiosis evolution.
To identify genetic mechanisms underlying the development of microbial mutualism.

Main Methods:

Sterilized stinkbug nymphs were infected with Escherichia coli (E. coli).
E. coli strains were maintained transgenerationally within the host insect.
Transcriptomic and genomic analyses were performed on evolved E. coli lines.
Mutations were confirmed by reintroducing them into wild-type E. coli.

Main Results:

E. coli successfully colonized the stinkbug symbiotic organ and achieved vertical transmission.
Evolved 'mutualistic' E. coli strains supported higher adult emergence and improved insect coloration.
Key mutations identified disrupted the carbon catabolite repression global transcriptional regulator system.
Single mutations in carbon catabolite repression conferred mutualistic phenotypes.

Conclusions:

Disruptions in carbon catabolite repression are sufficient to establish E. coli as an insect mutualist.
This study provides a model system for exploring the evolution of microbial mutualisms.
The findings offer a potential explanation for the widespread occurrence of microbial mutualisms in nature.