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Human milk feeding and wheeze in Black infants born preterm

Anna Crist Benson1, Zhengyi Chen2, Nori Mercuri Minich3,2

  • 1University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA. apc34@case.edu.

Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association
|August 4, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Exclusive human milk feeding in preterm Black infants at 3 months corrected age is linked to fewer wheezing episodes and hospitalizations in the first year of life.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Health
  • Pediatric Respiratory Medicine
  • Human Milk Research

Background:

  • Preterm infants, particularly Black infants, face increased risks for respiratory issues like recurrent wheeze.
  • Human milk is recognized for its protective immunological and nutritional benefits for infants.
  • Understanding the specific impact of human milk on wheezing in vulnerable preterm populations is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between human milk exposure at 3 months corrected gestational age and recurrent wheeze in preterm Black infants.
  • To evaluate the relationship between different levels of human milk feeding and wheezing outcomes.
  • To determine if human milk feeding impacts hospitalization rates in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary analysis of data from the D-Wheeze trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01601847).
  • Generalized linear models were used to examine associations between human milk feeding at 3 months corrected age and wheezing outcomes.
  • Infants were categorized based on exclusive human milk feeding, any human milk feeding, or formula feeding.

Main Results:

  • Infants exclusively fed human milk (n=13) experienced significantly fewer wheezing episodes compared to formula-fed infants (n=230) (IRR=0.25, p=0.03).
  • No hospitalizations were recorded among infants receiving exclusive human milk.
  • Any human milk consumption was associated with decreased odds of hospitalization by 12 months corrected age (OR=0.12, p=0.03).

Conclusions:

  • Exclusive human milk feeding at 3 months corrected gestational age is associated with a reduced number of wheezing episodes in preterm Black infants during their first year.
  • Human milk consumption, even partial, demonstrates a protective effect against hospitalizations in this high-risk group.
  • These findings underscore the importance of promoting human milk feeding for preterm infants to mitigate respiratory morbidities.
Abstract

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