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Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
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Etiology of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Before Birth

Pamela L Zeitlin1, Lawrence M Nogee2

  • 1Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.

Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology
|August 5, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia impacts many infants, with outcomes varying greatly. Prenatal and early postnatal factors significantly influence disease development in premature infants.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants.
  • Existing treatments for BPD have limited efficacy, and outcomes vary widely among infants.
  • High heritability estimates suggest a strong genetic component in BPD development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the etiologies of lung disease in premature infants.
  • To explore prenatal, genetic, and epigenetic factors influencing BPD.
  • To understand the variability in respiratory outcomes for preterm infants.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
  • Analysis of prenatal, genetic, and epigenetic influences on infant lung development.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of BPD pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • BPD affects thousands of infants annually, incurring substantial healthcare costs.
  • Respiratory outcomes in preterm infants are highly variable, even with similar gestational ages.
  • Prenatal and early postnatal factors play a crucial role in BPD development.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the multifactorial etiology of BPD is critical for improving infant outcomes.
  • Genetic and epigenetic factors, alongside in utero conditions, significantly impact BPD.
  • Further research into these factors may lead to targeted interventions for BPD.

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