Predictors of mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A single-centre retrospective analysis

The severity of disease and mortality due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was found to be high among patients with concurrent medical illnesses. Serum biomarkers can be used to predict the course of COVID-19 pneumonia. Data from India are very scarce about predictors of mortality among COVID-19 patients.

In the present retrospective study of 65 RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients, we retrieved data regarding clinical symptoms, laboratory parameters, and radiological grading of severity. Further, we also collected data about their hospital course, duration of stay, treatment, and outcome. Data analysis was done to compare the patient characteristics between survivor and non-survivor groups and to assess the predictors of mortality.

The mean age of the study population was 56.23 years (SD, 12.91) and most of them were males (63%); 81.5% of patients survived and were discharged, whereas 18.5% of patients succumbed to the disease. Univariate analysis across both groups showed that older age, diabetes mellitus, higher computed tomogram (CT) severity score, and raised levels of laboratory parameters viz, D-dimer, CPK-MB (creatine kinase), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were associated with increased mortality among hospitalized patients. On multivariate analysis, elevated levels of serum D-dimer (odds ratio, 95% CI: 10.98, 1.13-106.62, p = 0.04) and LDH (odds ratio, 95% CI: 19.15, 3.28-111.87, p = 0.001) were independently associated with mortality.

Older patients, diabetics, and patients with high CT severity scores at admission are at increased risk of death from COVID-19. Serum biomarkers such as D-dimer and LDH help in predicting mortality in COVID-19 patients.