Joubert-Plus syndrome with an atretic cephalocele: a case report

Joubert syndrome is a rare heterogeneous disease affecting the cerebellum. It usually presents with hypotonia, abnormal breathing pattern, with distinctive cerebellar and brain stem malformation called the molar tooth sign. It may present with different organ involvement or with other neurological alterations such as Dandy-Walker syndrome. Joubert syndrome with dandy walker syndrome is called Joubert-Plus syndrome, an exceedingly rare entity. Dandy-Walker syndrome is defined by hypoplasia and upward rotation of the cerebellar vermis and cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle. Atretic cephalocele is another rare diagnosis which is characterized by a herniation of intracranial contents through a skull defect. Herein, we present a case of a 6-month-old patient who presented with floppiness and a scalp nodule. After further evaluation, he was diagnosed with Joubert-Plus syndrome with an atretic cephalocele.