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P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

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Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance

Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance

Published on: February 27, 2017

Strain effects on halide perovskite solar cells.

Bowen Yang^1,2, Dmitry Bogachuk^3,4, Jiajia Suo^1,2

¹Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. jiajia.suo@kemi.uu.se.

Chemical Society Reviews

|August 5, 2022

Summary

Strain significantly impacts halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), affecting their performance and stability. This review explores strain origins, characterization, and engineering strategies to improve PSCs for commercialization.

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Last Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance

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Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

Published on: September 8, 2017

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Renewable Energy
Solid-State Physics

Background:

Halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) show high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) nearing 26%.
Device stability remains a major barrier to the commercialization of PSCs.
The intrinsic ionic nature of perovskite materials makes them susceptible to strain effects.

Purpose of the Study:

To comprehensively review the origins and implications of strain in PSCs.
To summarize techniques for characterizing strain in perovskite films.
To discuss strategies for controlling strain and enhancing device stability.

Main Methods:

Literature review of strain effects in PSCs.
Analysis of strain origins, characterization methods, and control strategies.
Synthesis of current understanding and future research directions.

Main Results:

Strain influences optoelectronic properties and long-term stability of perovskite films.
Various techniques exist to characterize strain in perovskite materials.
Strain engineering offers pathways to improve PSC performance and durability.

Conclusions:

Understanding and managing strain is crucial for advancing PSC technology.
Effective strain engineering can lead to more stable and efficient perovskite solar cells.
This review provides a foundation for future research in strain management for PSC commercialization.