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Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...

Endocarditis I: Introduction

Endocarditis I: Introduction

Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

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Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

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Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...

Pneumonia IV: Management

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The treatment of pneumonia varies based on its severity and the causative pathogen. Here is a structured approach to managing pneumonia, integrating pharmaceutical and supportive care strategies.
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Updated: Sep 2, 2025

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis

Published on: August 12, 2020

Neonatal septic arthritis: Indian perspective.

Akash Rai¹, Debrup Chakladar², Souravi Bhowmik²

¹Department of Pediatrics, North Bengal Medical College, Darjeeling, India.

European Journal of Rheumatology

|August 5, 2022

Summary

Early diagnosis and treatment of neonatal septic arthritis, particularly hip joint involvement, lead to favorable outcomes. Delays in seeking care and ultrasound detection at presentation predict poor prognosis.

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Knee Arthrocentesis in Adults

Knee Arthrocentesis in Adults

Published on: February 25, 2022

Area of Science:

Pediatric Rheumatology
Neonatal Infectious Diseases

Background:

Neonatal septic arthritis is a serious condition affecting infants.
Understanding joint involvement patterns and prognosis is crucial for optimal care.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe joint involvement patterns in neonatal septic arthritis.
To evaluate prognosis and identify predictors of unfavorable outcomes.

Main Methods:

Purposive sampling of neonates with septic arthritis.
Data collection included clinical history, imaging (ultrasound, MRI), and cultures.
Follow-up for a minimum of 12 months to assess outcomes.

Main Results:

Hip joint (59.2%) was most commonly affected, often in a monoarticular pattern (74.4%).
Favorable outcomes were observed in 70.3% with prompt diagnosis and management.
Delayed treatment and ultrasound detection at presentation correlated with unfavorable outcomes.

Conclusions:

Neonatal septic arthritis predominantly affects the hip or knee.
Early detection and prompt management significantly improve prognosis.
Treatment delays are associated with worse outcomes.