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Marangoni effect and cell spreading.

Ivana Pajic-Lijakovic1, Milan Milivojevic2

  • 1Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. iva@tmf.bg.ac.rs.

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Summary

Shear stress (SS) during collective cell migration (CCM) arises from natural and forced convection. The Marangoni effect, driven by surface tension gradients, causes directed cell spreading and sorting, impacting tissue dynamics.

Keywords:
Cell residual shear stress accumulationCell sortingCollective cell migrationMarangoni effectTissue cohesivenessViscoelasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biophysics
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Cells are sensitive to shear stress (SS), which is generated during collective cell migration (CCM).
  • SS influences critical biological processes like morphogenesis, wound healing, and cancer invasion.
  • The precise causes of SS generation during CCM remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying causes of shear stress (SS) generation during collective cell migration (CCM).
  • To elucidate the role of natural and forced convection in SS formation.
  • To review and synthesize existing literature on SS generation in CCM.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of cell monolayer rearrangement.
  • Consideration of natural convection induced by surface tension gradients (Marangoni effect).
  • Examination of forced convection dependent on cell speed.

Main Results:

  • Shear stress generation is a consequence of both natural and forced convection.
  • The Marangoni effect, driven by surface tension gradients, induces directed cell spreading and sorting.
  • This phenomenon, observed in epithelial and mixed cell monolayers, can lead to intensive cancer cell invasion.

Conclusions:

  • The Marangoni effect is a key mechanism driving SS during CCM.
  • Understanding SS generation is crucial for comprehending tissue dynamics and disease progression.
  • Further experimental validation of these theoretical considerations in multicellular systems is encouraged.