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Related Concept Videos

Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:20

Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...
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Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:26

Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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Varicose veins, or varicosities, develop when the valves in the veins, which control blood flow, weaken or damage. It causes blood to pool and the veins to enlarge. Understanding the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management options for varicose veins is crucial for effective treatment and relief.Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestations of varicose veins include a heavy, achy feeling or pain after prolonged standing or sitting. This discomfort can often be relieved by...
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Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation01:27

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation

485
Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above...
485
Varicose Veins I: Introduction01:26

Varicose Veins I: Introduction

25
Varicose veins, or varicosities, are abnormally dilated and twisted superficial veins caused by venous valve incompetence. This condition commonly affects the lower extremities, especially the saphenous veins, due to the higher pressure from prolonged standing and walking. However, varicosities can also occur in other areas, such as the esophagus, vulva, spermatic cords, and anorectal region.Etiology and typesPrimary varicose veins, often idiopathic, are more common in women due to inherent...
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Assessment of the Cardiovascular System II: Inspection01:29

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System II: Inspection

392
Inspection is the initial step in assessing the cardiovascular system. It involves a detailed visual examination that provides crucial information about a patient's circulatory and cardiac health. This systematic process, conducted from head to toe, helps identify signs of cardiovascular conditions by observing physical appearance, skin and mucous membranes, jugular and carotid pulsations, chest symmetry, and the condition of the extremities.
Head and Neck
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Occlusion of the Great and Small Saphenous Vein Using Copolymeric Glue Based on N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate and Methacryloxy Sulfolane
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Occlusion of the Great and Small Saphenous Vein Using Copolymeric Glue Based on N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate and Methacryloxy Sulfolane

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Angioscopic evaluation after venous stents.

Yuji Hoshino1, Hiroyoshi Yokoi2

  • 1Department of Vascular Surgery, Fukuoka Sanno Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.

Journal of Vascular Surgery. Venous and Lymphatic Disorders
|August 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study used angioscopy to visualize neointimal growth after venous stenting for post-thrombotic syndrome. Findings suggest overgrown neointima, not thrombosis, causes in-stent restenosis (ISR) and requires further investigation.

Keywords:
AngioscopyChronic venous insufficiencyIliocaval venous obstructionPost-thrombotic syndromeVenous stent

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Imaging In-Stent Restenosis: An Inexpensive, Reliable, and Rapid Preclinical Model
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Imaging In-Stent Restenosis: An Inexpensive, Reliable, and Rapid Preclinical Model

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Imaging In-Stent Restenosis: An Inexpensive, Reliable, and Rapid Preclinical Model
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Imaging In-Stent Restenosis: An Inexpensive, Reliable, and Rapid Preclinical Model

Published on: September 14, 2009

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Interventional Radiology
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Venous stenting manages femoro-ilio-caval venous outflow obstruction in post-thrombotic syndrome.
  • In-stent restenosis (ISR) and occlusion necessitate re-interventions.
  • The mechanism of ISR and neointimal growth post-venous stenting is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism of in-stent restenosis (ISR) after venous stenting.
  • To evaluate intraluminal changes and neointimal growth using angioscopy.
  • To understand the natural time course of neointimal proliferation over venous stents.

Main Methods:

  • Ten angioscopic procedures were performed in four patients with post-thrombotic syndrome.
  • Serial evaluations of neointimal changes were conducted at 6, 12, and 24 months post-stenting.
  • A 5.7F angioscope with continuous irrigation was used for direct visualization of stented iliac veins.

Main Results:

  • Stent struts showed gradual neointimal coverage, increasing from 6 months to 1 year post-implantation.
  • Complete stent strut coverage was observed by 1 year, with no significant change by 2 years.
  • In-stent restenosis (ISR) cases revealed overgrown, thickened neointima, fully embedding stent struts without evidence of thrombus.

Conclusions:

  • Neointimal proliferation progresses gradually, with remodeling up to 1 year post-venous stenting.
  • Overgrown neointima appears to be the primary cause of in-stent restenosis (ISR), rather than thrombosis.
  • Angioscopy provides valuable real-time intraluminal visualization for evaluating venous stent outcomes.