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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....

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Association between ADHD and vision problems. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Alessio Bellato^1,2, John Perna^3,4, Preethi S Ganapathy⁵

¹School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia.

Molecular Psychiatry

|August 5, 2022

Summary

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is linked to several vision issues, including astigmatism and hyperopia. However, ADHD is not associated with structural eye changes, warranting further research into the vision-ADHD connection.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Public Health

Background:

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder.
The relationship between ADHD and visual function/disorders remains incompletely understood.
This study provides the first systematic review and meta-analysis on this topic.

Approach:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major databases (PubMed, Web of Science, etc.) up to November 2021.
Included observational studies reporting vision measures in individuals with and without ADHD.
Random effects meta-analyses synthesized data from 35 studies involving over 3.25 million participants.

Key Points:

Meta-analysis revealed increased risks of astigmatism, hyperopia, strabismus, and self-reported vision problems in individuals with ADHD.
Individuals with ADHD showed impaired accommodative response (lag and variability) and reduced near point of convergence.
No significant association was found between ADHD and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness or refractive error.

Conclusions:

ADHD is associated with specific functional vision problems and self-reported visual difficulties.
No evidence suggests ADHD is linked to structural eye alterations.
Further research is needed to elucidate the causal mechanisms underlying the observed vision-ADHD associations.