Primary gliosarcoma with widespread extracranial metastases-spatiotemporal morphological variation

Area of Science:

• Neuro-oncology
• Pathology
• Medical research

Background:

• Primary gliosarcoma with extracranial metastases is exceptionally rare.
• This study reviews five cases, including a novel case, to understand this phenomenon.
• Observed elimination of glial components in lung metastases suggests adaptation for survival.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the characteristics of primary gliosarcoma with extracranial metastases.
• To analyze the morphological variations in metastatic foci.
• To contribute to the understanding of rare brain tumor behavior.

Main Methods:

• Conducted a PubMed search using "gliosarcoma" and "extracranial metastases".
• Reviewed existing literature and analyzed a case of a 50-year-old female with temporal lobe gliosarcoma and lung metastasis.
• Utilized MRI and histopathological analysis for diagnosis and confirmation.

Main Results:

• The study included five patients, all female, aged 47-69.
• Tumor recurrence was observed within one year across cases.
• Extracranial metastases exhibited spatiotemporal morphological variations.

Conclusions:

• Primary gliosarcoma with extracranial metastases is an extremely rare clinical entity.
• Treatment with combined modalities may improve survival but the overall prognosis is poor.
• Unexpected morphological variations in metastatic sites warrant further investigation.