A Bioactive and Photoresponsive Platform for Wireless Electrical Stimulation to Promote Neurogenesis

Delivering electrical signals to neural cells and tissue has attracted increasing attention in the treatment of nerve injuries. Unlike traditional wired electrical stimulation, wireless and remote light stimulation provides less invasive and longer-lasting interfaces, holding great promise in the treatment of nerve injuries and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as human-computer interaction. Additionally, a bioactive matrix that bridges the injured gap and induces nerve regeneration is essential for injured nerve repair. However, it is still challenging to construct a 3D biomimetic cell niche with optoelectrical responsiveness. Herein, a bioactive platform for remote and wireless optoelectrical stimulation is established by incorporating hydrophilic poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanoparticles (P3HT NPs) into a biomimetic hydrogel matrix. Moreover, the hydrogel matrix is modified by varying the composition and/or the crosslinking degree to meet the needs of different application scenarios. When exposed to pulsed green light, P3HT NPs in hydrogels convert light signals into electrical signals, resulting in the generation of tens of picoampere photocurrent, which is proved to promote the growth of cortical neurons that covered by hydrogels and the neuronal differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) encapsulated in hydrogels. This work is of great significance for the design of next-generation neural electrodes and scaffolds.