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Sex-Based Differences in Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Korea

Jiyoung Kim1, Narae Heo2, Hyuncheol Kang3

  • 1Department of Nursing, Sangmyung University, Republic of Korea.

Asian Nursing Research
|August 6, 2022
PubMed

Insights

This study analyzed COVID-19 patient data to identify sex-specific risk factors for mortality and severe disease. Findings highlight differences in predictors like malignancy in males and chronic kidney disease in females, informing tailored management strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a significant global health challenge.
  • Understanding sex-specific risk factors is crucial for effective disease management.
  • National epidemiological data provides a robust basis for clinical insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate factors influencing mortality and clinical severity score (CSS) in male and female COVID-19 patients.
  • To identify sex-differentiated risk factors for COVID-19 outcomes.
  • To utilize national data from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency for comprehensive analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective, observational cohort study design.
  • Analysis of 5624 patients quarantined or deceased between January 21 and April 30, 2020.
  • Examination of clinical epidemiological information to determine influencing factors.

Main Results:

  • Sex-specific factors for mortality included high heart rate and malignancy (males), and chronic kidney disease (females).
  • Factors for severe CSS progression varied by sex, with males influenced by high BMI and rheumatic disease, and females by fever, chronic conditions, and other symptoms.
  • Common mortality and severity predictors across all patients included older age, low lymphocyte/platelet counts, dyspnea, diabetes, dementia, and ICU admission.

Conclusions:

  • Nationally representative data analysis provides generalizable results for COVID-19 outcomes.
  • Findings support the development of differentiated nursing and medical management strategies based on patient sex.
  • Understanding sex-specific factors is essential for optimizing COVID-19 treatment and improving patient outcomes.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19deathrisk factorssex

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