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Prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody in hemodialysis facilities: a cross-sectional multicenter study from Madinah

Abdulrahman A Housawi1, Shazada Junaid S Qazi2, Abdulhalem A Jan3

  • 1From the Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Annals of Saudi Medicine
|August 7, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Hemodialysis patients and staff showed high SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody prevalence, suggesting widespread prior infection, including asymptomatic cases. Immunity varied by dialysis center, indicating localized transmission dynamics.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread globally, impacting vulnerable populations like hemodialysis patients.
  • Hemodialysis patients are at increased risk due to frequent healthcare interactions and potential immunocompromise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunity between hemodialysis patients and healthcare staff.
  • To identify factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study with prospective follow-up was conducted in hemodialysis centers in the Madinah region.
  • 830 participants (677 patients, 153 staff) were tested for SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies.
  • Factors influencing seropositivity, including history of COVID-19 and symptoms, were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Overall SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody prevalence was 38.0% in patients and 44.4% in staff (P=.1379).
  • A history of COVID-19 or related symptoms significantly increased the likelihood of being IgG positive (P<.0001).
  • Seropositivity demonstrated a center-dependent pattern, suggesting localized transmission.

Conclusions:

  • High antibody prevalence in hemodialysis patients and staff indicates significant past SARS-CoV-2 infection, including asymptomatic cases.
  • The center-dependent immunity suggests that infection control and transmission dynamics vary across different healthcare settings.
  • Further investigation is needed to understand the implications for infection control in hemodialysis units.
Abstract

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