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Author Spotlight: Development and Application of SERS Flexible Substrates Using Synthesized AgNPs
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Hydrophobic expanded graphite-covered support to construct flexible and stable SERS substrate for sensitive

Borong Yu1, Yue Mao1, Jiangli Li1

  • 1Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China.

Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy
|August 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a flexible, cost-effective hybrid substrate for trace analysis using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). The expanded graphite-based gold nanorod substrate offers high sensitivity and stability for detecting contaminants in real-world samples.

Keywords:
Expanded graphite hybridFlexible substrateHydrophobic supportSERSStable sensitivity

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a sensitive analytical technique for detecting trace amounts of substances.
  • Hybrid SERS substrates combining noble metal nanoparticles and carbon materials are gaining attention for improved performance.
  • Expanded graphite (EG) offers a flexible and porous platform for developing novel SERS substrates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a flexible, stable, and highly sensitive SERS substrate using expanded graphite (EG) and gold nanorods (Au NRs).
  • To evaluate the substrate's performance for the trace determination of various contaminants.
  • To demonstrate the practical applicability of the developed substrate for real-world sample analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of an EG-covered support via ultrasonic washing and filtration.
  • Immobilization of gold nanorods (Au NRs) onto the EG support, leveraging its hydrophobic surface for 'hot spot' formation.
  • Testing the substrate's sensitivity using crystal violet (CV), thiram, malachite green (MG), and methylene blue (MB).
  • Assessing the substrate's stability under varying pH and temperature conditions, and its shelf-life.
  • Developing a 'paste-sampling' method for analyzing contaminants on real samples like shrimp and grapes.

Main Results:

  • The EG-based Au NRs substrate exhibited excellent hydrophobicity, facilitating Au NR assembly.
  • Achieved low limits of detection (LOD) for CV (1 ppb), thiram (50 ppb), MG (1 ppb), and MB (1 ppb).
  • Demonstrated successful determination of CV on shrimp (<1 ppb) and thiram on grapes (<50 ppb) using the paste-sampling method.
  • The substrate showed remarkable stability against acid/alkali treatment (pH 4-10) and thermal stress (20-100 °C).
  • The substrate maintained stable enhancement for up to 30 days of storage.

Conclusions:

  • The developed EG-based Au NRs substrate is highly sensitive, stable, cost-effective, and easy to produce.
  • Its flexibility and porosity enable convenient 'paste-sampling' for routine trace contaminant analysis.
  • This hybrid substrate holds significant potential for advancing the practical application of SERS in various fields.