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Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Calibrated Passive Sampling - Multi-plot Field Measurements of NH3 Emissions with a Combination of Dynamic Tube Method and Passive Samplers
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Substituting urea with biogas slurry and hydrothermal carbonization aqueous product could decrease NH3 volatilization

Sen Chen1, Detian Li2, Huayong He2

  • 1Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.

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|August 7, 2022
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Summary

Co-applying biogas slurry (BS) and hydrothermal carbonization aqueous products (HAP) as organic fertilizer reduces ammonia volatilization and enhances soil organic matter. This sustainable approach boosts soil fertility while decreasing nitrogen loss in agricultural systems.

Keywords:
Ammonia volatilizationBiogas slurryOrganic fertilizerPaddy soilUrease activity

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Soil Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Biogas slurry (BS) and hydrothermal carbonization aqueous products (HAP) are nitrogen-rich byproducts.
  • These can substitute inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizers, offering organic alternatives.
  • Understanding their impact on ammonia (NH3) volatilization and soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) is crucial for sustainable agriculture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of co-applying BS and HAP on NH3 volatilization and soil DOM content during wheat growth.
  • To compare different ratios of BS and HAP substitution for urea-N.
  • To assess the potential of BS and HAP as alternatives to inorganic N fertilizers.

Main Methods:

  • Six treatments were designed, substituting 50%, 75%, and 100% of urea-N with BS plus HAP at low (L) or high (H) ratios (BCL50, BCL75, BCL100, BCH50, BCH75, BCH100).
  • A control treatment (CKU) used urea alone.
  • Measurements included NH3 volatilization, soil NH4+-N, urease activity, microbial byproduct-like substances, humic acid-like substances, humification index, and DOM content.

Main Results:

  • Both BCL and BCH treatments significantly reduced NH3 volatilization by 9.1%-45.6% compared to CKU, correlated with soil NH4+-N content.
  • Decreased soil urease activity contributed to lower NH3 volatilization.
  • BS and HAP applications significantly increased microbial byproduct- and humic acid-like substances (9.9%-74.5% and 100.7%-451.9%, respectively).
  • Soil humification index and DOM content increased significantly (13.7%-41.2% and 38.4%-158.7%, respectively).

Conclusions:

  • Co-application of BS and HAP effectively mitigates ammonia loss from agricultural soils.
  • These organic amendments enhance soil fertility by increasing DOM and humification.
  • BS and HAP represent a viable alternative to inorganic N fertilizers, promoting sustainable nutrient management.