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Paternal periconception metabolic health and offspring programming.

Nader Eid1, Hannah L Morgan1, Adam J Watkins1

  • 1Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.

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Paternal metabolic health significantly impacts semen quality, embryonic development, and offspring health. This review explores the mechanisms linking paternal well-being to reproductive outcomes and child development.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD)
  • Metabolic Health

Background:

  • Maternal metabolic status is well-studied regarding offspring development.
  • Paternal nutrition and metabolism's role in offspring health is increasingly recognized.
  • Emerging evidence links paternal metabolic well-being to semen quality, embryonic development, and adult offspring health, expanding the DOHaD hypothesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of how paternal metabolic status influences sperm quality.
  • To explore the impact of paternal metabolic health on post-fertilization embryonic and fetal development.
  • To summarize the connection between paternal well-being and offspring health outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on paternal metabolic health and reproductive outcomes.
  • Analysis of studies investigating semen quality, sperm epigenetics, and seminal plasma composition.
  • Synthesis of findings from animal models and human studies on DOHaD.

Main Results:

  • Paternal metabolic status affects sperm quality and epigenetic profiles.
  • Paternal metabolic dysfunction can negatively impact embryonic and fetal development.
  • Advances in sequencing reveal associations between male metabolic health and sperm/seminal plasma composition.

Conclusions:

  • Paternal metabolic health is a critical factor in reproductive success and offspring health.
  • Understanding these paternal effects is crucial for preconception counseling and assisted reproductive technologies.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise molecular mechanisms involved.