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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

2.8K
Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
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The Extracellular Matrix01:29

The Extracellular Matrix

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Overview
In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
Composition of the Extracellular Matrix
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is commonly composed of ground substance, a gel-like fluid, fibrous components, and many structurally and functionally diverse...
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The Functions of the Skeletal System01:22

The Functions of the Skeletal System

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The most apparent functions of the skeletal system are support, protection, and movement. However, bone tissue also performs several other critical metabolic functions. For one, the bone matrix acts as a reservoir for a number of minerals important to the functioning of the body, especially calcium and phosphorus. These minerals, present in the bone tissue, can be released back into the bloodstream when required. Calcium ions, for example, are essential for muscle contractions and controlling...
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Paracrine Signaling01:21

Paracrine Signaling

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Paracrine signaling allows cells to communicate with their immediate neighbors via secretion of signaling molecules. Such a signal can only trigger a response in nearby target cells because the signal molecules degrade quickly or are inactivated if not taken up. Prominent examples of paracrine signaling include nitric oxide signaling in blood vessels, synaptic signaling of neurons, the blood clotting system, tissue repair/wound healing, and local allergic skin reactions. Nitric oxide as a...
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes from Skeletal Muscle Fibroblasts
06:27

Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes from Skeletal Muscle Fibroblasts

Published on: May 16, 2020

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Exosome mediated biological functions within skeletal microenvironment.

Zhikun Wang1, Zhonghan Zhao1, Bo Gao2

  • 1School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
|August 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exosomes, tiny vesicles from skeletal cells, regulate bone remodeling and offer potential therapies for bone diseases. This review explores their role in skeletal health and disease treatment.

Keywords:
bone marrow mesenchymal stem cellosteoblastosteoclastosteocyteskeletal microenvironmentskeletal related exosomes

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Last Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes from Skeletal Muscle Fibroblasts
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Purification and Transplantation of Myogenic Progenitor Cell Derived Exosomes to Improve Cardiac Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophic Mice
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Area of Science:

  • Skeletal Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Exosomes are extracellular vesicles containing bioactive molecules like proteins and RNAs.
  • Skeletal cells, including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, release exosomes.
  • These exosomes play crucial roles in intercellular communication within the skeletal microenvironment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms by which exosomes from various skeletal cells influence the skeletal microenvironment.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of exosome-based strategies for bone metabolic diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on exosome biogenesis and function in the skeletal system.
  • Analysis of exosomal cargo (proteins, mRNAs, non-coding RNAs) and their regulatory pathways.
  • Examination of exosome-mediated cell signaling in bone remodeling.

Main Results:

  • Exosomes from BMSCs, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes modulate bone remodeling by affecting cell proliferation and differentiation.
  • Specific exosomal components like proteins and RNAs mediate these regulatory effects.
  • Exosome-based drug delivery systems show promise for treating bone metabolic disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Exosomes are critical mediators of skeletal homeostasis and disease.
  • Understanding exosome pathways provides a basis for novel therapeutic interventions in bone metabolism.
  • Exosome research may improve bone tumor microenvironments and combat drug resistance.