Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Presented as Persistent Diaper Dermatitis: A Case Report

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Dermatology
• Histiocytosis
• Immunohistochemistry

Background:

• Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder primarily affecting pediatric patients.
• Cutaneous LCH often presents with varied dermatological symptoms, including papules and plaques.

Observation:

• A seven-month-old infant presented with persistent diaper rash, skin fissures, and widespread papules.
• The clinical presentation mimicked common pediatric dermatoses.

Findings:

• Skin biopsy revealed significant infiltration of histiocytes, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells.
• Immunohistochemistry confirmed LCH with positive CD207, CD1a, and S-100 markers.

Implications:

• LCH can present atypically, resembling common skin conditions in infants.
• Physicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for LCH in pediatric patients with persistent or unusual rashes.
• Consideration of LCH as a differential diagnosis is vital for timely and accurate management.