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COVID-19 Vaccination: Willingness and practice in Bangladesh
Avinno Faruk1, Ishmam Al Quddus1
1BRAC Institute of Governance and Development (BIGD) BRAC University Bangladesh.
Insights
Vaccine willingness was high in Bangladesh, but registration was a challenge. Addressing information gaps and offering alternative registration methods boosted COVID-19 vaccine uptake, especially for women and rural populations.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Vaccinology
- Health Policy
Background:
- Mass adult immunization for COVID-19 presents significant logistical and demand-side challenges for lower-middle-income countries (LMICs).
- Understanding vaccine acceptability and registration barriers is crucial for effective public health campaigns in resource-limited settings like Bangladesh.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify demand-side constraints in Bangladesh's early COVID-19 vaccination campaign.
- To compare registration and vaccine take-up behaviors between rural and urban slum populations.
- To pinpoint subgroups requiring targeted interventions to improve vaccination rates.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of data from three surveys conducted between January and September 2021.
- Inclusion of a nationally representative survey on vaccine acceptability.
- A specific study on vaccination rollout behavior in rural and urban slums.
Main Results:
- High willingness to be vaccinated was observed, with registration being the primary bottleneck.
- Addressing information gaps through campaigns significantly increased registration and vaccine uptake.
- Women initially lagged in registration knowledge and completion, highlighting the need for tailored approaches. Confidence in public services positively correlated with immunization acceptance.
Conclusions:
- Effective communication strategies detailing registration procedures are essential for mass immunization programs.
- Low-tech, accessible registration methods are vital in LMICs, with targeted campaigns for rural areas and women.
- Community-based approaches and sustained service quality can enhance vaccine acceptance and compliance.
Motivation:
Mass adult immunization for COVID-19, coupled with the urgency, is a challenge for any lower-middle-income country (LMIC) like Bangladesh. Our analysis focuses on demand-side constraints early in the vaccination campaign to help gauge vaccine acceptability and potential contributing factors. Identifying registration and compliance challenges early on will help ensure a seamless immunization programme.
Purpose:
We seek to identify subgroups who may need specific interventions by comparing willingness to be vaccinated and registration behaviour, and to understand how actual registration and take-up decisions compare between rural and urban slum regions.
Approach And Methods:
We use data from three surveys conducted between late January and early September 2021. The article includes a nationally representative survey on vaccine acceptability and a study on vaccination rollout behaviour in rural and urban slums.
Findings:
Willingness was not an issue in Bangladesh, but the weak link was getting individuals to register. Once they did, compliance was very high. When the information gap regarding registration was addressed by campaigning, registration and take-up increased. Confidence in public service delivery influenced favourable responses to mass immunization efforts. Women were falling behind initially in terms of both registration knowledge and completion. Online registration needed to be complemented with alternatives. Social networking was a vital source of information and encouragement.
Policy Implications:
Communication strategies are necessary to inform the public at an early stage, which should provide information about registration eligibility and detailed registration instructions. Ensuring and sustaining service quality will also be beneficial. In LMICs like Bangladesh, low-tech intensive registration methods are required. Information campaigns about the registration procedure should specifically target rural communities and women. Community-based mechanisms may reduce transaction costs and increase confidence.
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