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Contributing factors to pediatric COVID-19 and MIS-C during the initial waves: A systematic review of 92 case reports

Muzna Sarfraz1, Azza Sarfraz2, Zouina Sarfraz3

  • 1CMH Lahore College, Lahore, Pakistan.

Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012)
|August 8, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric COVID-19 cases were analyzed, identifying congenital defects and genetic factors as key contributors. Understanding these factors is crucial for managing pediatric COVID-19 and MIS-C.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disproportionately affected adults compared to children.
  • Pediatric COVID-19 cases, though fewer, present unique challenges and contributing factors.
  • This study systematically reviews case reports to understand these pediatric-specific elements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and analyze the contributing factors for confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in the pediatric population.
  • To investigate factors associated with pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C).
  • To provide insights for future management and vaccination strategies for pediatric COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of case reports was conducted.
  • Databases searched included PubMed and Cochrane Central between December 2019 and December 2020.
  • Keywords used were "pediatrics," "Case reports," "Cases," and "Covid-19."

Main Results:

  • A total of 92 records were analyzed, with 58% of patients being male and a mean age of 6.2 years.
  • Contributing factors for MIS-C included G6PD deficiency (17.6%) and Group A streptococcus co-infection (17.6%).
  • Factors for pediatric COVID-19 included congenital defects (18.5%), genetic defects (13.8%), and vertical/infancy transmission (16.9%).

Conclusions:

  • The pediatric population remains susceptible to COVID-19, especially with community transmission.
  • Identifying contributing factors like congenital issues and genetic predispositions is vital for pediatric COVID-19 and MIS-C.
  • These findings can inform guidelines for managing and potentially vaccinating children against COVID-19.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19ChildrenContributing factorsFecesMIS-CPediatricSARS-CoV-2Transmission

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