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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Monkeypox - An emerging pandemic.

Kunal M Ajmera1, Lokesh Goyal2, Trupti Pandit3

  • 1Department of Hospital Medicine, Sentara Northern Virginia Medical Center, Woodbridge, VA, USA.

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|August 8, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Monkeypox is a growing zoonotic concern. Early detection, isolation, and vaccination for high-risk groups are key to managing this orthopoxvirus outbreak.

Keywords:
Antiviral treatmentMSMMonkeypoxMonkeypox rashVaccination

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Monkeypox, a zoonotic disease caused by a virus in the Orthopoxviruses family, is experiencing a global surge.
  • Rising cases in the US and worldwide necessitate heightened awareness among healthcare professionals.

Observation:

  • New-onset fever, vesicular/pustular rash with central umbilication, and lymphadenopathy are key indicators.
  • The current outbreak disproportionately affects homosexual and gay populations, prompting further investigation into sexual transmission routes.

Findings:

  • Most monkeypox cases are self-limiting, requiring supportive care.
  • Vaccine prophylaxis is recommended by the CDC for immunocompromised individuals, pregnant patients, and children under eight.
  • Antivirals like tecovirimat (TPOXX) and brincidofovir, or intravenous vaccinia immune globulin (VIGIV), are options for severe cases.

Implications:

  • Prompt diagnosis and isolation are crucial to prevent secondary monkeypox transmission.
  • Targeted vaccination strategies are essential for vulnerable populations.
  • Further research into the role of sexual transmission is vital for effective public health interventions.