Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

229
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
229
Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data01:12

Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data

372
Analysis of population pharmacokinetic data involves studying the behavior of drugs within diverse populations to understand their pharmacokinetic parameters. Traditional pharmacokinetic methods typically involve collecting samples from a few individuals and estimating these parameters. While these methods are commonly used, they have limitations in capturing the variability in drug response among individuals or heterogeneous populations. Population pharmacokinetics is employed to address these...
372
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

190
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
190
Rational Dosage Regimen: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose01:24

Rational Dosage Regimen: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose

4.4K
A rational dosage regimen considers a drug's pharmacokinetics, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination from the body. By understanding these factors, the appropriate dosage can be determined, and the dosing schedule can be designed to achieve and maintain the desired therapeutic effect while minimizing adverse effects.
In most cases, drugs are administered repetitively or infused continuously to maintain a steady-state concentration in the body. At a steady...
4.4K
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance01:23

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance

286
The elimination half-life and drug clearance of drugs following nonlinear kinetics can vary with dosage. The Michaelis-Menten parameters and drug concentration influence these factors. As the dose increases, the elimination half-life tends to lengthen, resulting in a reduction in clearance and a disproportionately larger area under the curve. The total clearance can be derived from the Michaelis-Menten equation for drugs following a one-compartment model.
A study on guinea pigs examined the...
286
Drug Dosage Regimen: Overview01:15

Drug Dosage Regimen: Overview

3.8K
A drug dosage regimen describes the specific instructions and schedule for administering a drug to a patient. It considers factors such as drug dosage, frequency, route of administration, and duration of treatment. Designing an appropriate dosage regimen for a patient aims to achieve a target drug concentration at the site of action.
Typically, the starting dose and dosing interval are guided by the manufacturer's recommendations based on clinical trials conducted during and after drug...
3.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A pooled population pharmacokinetic analysis of ticagrelor in acute coronary syndrome using simulated data.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Leucettine L41 Ameliorates Tau pathology and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease models.

BMC neuroscience·2026
Same author

Omics landscapes of hepatic echinococcosis: bulk foundations, emerging single-cell studies, and analytical considerations.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

IL1R2 identified as a key hub gene regulating vascular endothelial function in Kawasaki disease.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Reduced myocardial NRG-1/ErbB4 signaling is associated with STING-linked macrophage pyroptotic signaling in sepsis-induced cardiac injury.

International immunopharmacology·2026
Same author

Dimerization-induced conformational transitions of yeast iso-1 cytochrome <i>c</i>.

Magnetic resonance letters·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 2, 2025

A High-throughput Compatible Assay to Evaluate Drug Efficacy against Macrophage Passaged Mycobacterium tuberculosis
10:29

A High-throughput Compatible Assay to Evaluate Drug Efficacy against Macrophage Passaged Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Published on: March 24, 2017

7.9K

Prothionamide Dose Optimization Using Population Pharmacokinetics for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients.

Hwi-Yeol Yun1, Min Jung Chang2,3,4, Heeyoon Jung5

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National Universitygrid.254230.2, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
|August 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary

A fixed dose of 750 mg/day prothionamide is effective for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients. This dosing regimen ensures optimal drug exposure and resistance suppression, regardless of patient weight.

Keywords:
multidrug-resistant tuberculosispopulation pharmacokineticsprothionamide

More Related Videos

Validated LC-MS/MS Panel for Quantifying 11 Drug-Resistant TB Medications in Small Hair Samples
08:54

Validated LC-MS/MS Panel for Quantifying 11 Drug-Resistant TB Medications in Small Hair Samples

Published on: May 19, 2020

7.8K
An Automated Culture System for Use in Preclinical Testing of Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis
09:34

An Automated Culture System for Use in Preclinical Testing of Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis

Published on: August 16, 2021

1.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 2, 2025

A High-throughput Compatible Assay to Evaluate Drug Efficacy against Macrophage Passaged Mycobacterium tuberculosis
10:29

A High-throughput Compatible Assay to Evaluate Drug Efficacy against Macrophage Passaged Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Published on: March 24, 2017

7.9K
Validated LC-MS/MS Panel for Quantifying 11 Drug-Resistant TB Medications in Small Hair Samples
08:54

Validated LC-MS/MS Panel for Quantifying 11 Drug-Resistant TB Medications in Small Hair Samples

Published on: May 19, 2020

7.8K
An Automated Culture System for Use in Preclinical Testing of Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis
09:34

An Automated Culture System for Use in Preclinical Testing of Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis

Published on: August 16, 2021

1.9K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacometrics

Background:

  • Prothionamide is a crucial second-line drug for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).
  • The pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of prothionamide is not well-established, hindering optimal treatment.
  • Current dosing relies on weight-band recommendations from the World Health Organization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for prothionamide in MDR-TB patients.
  • To determine an optimal prothionamide dosing regimen for improved treatment outcomes.
  • To evaluate the probability of target attainment for various dosing strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Population PK modeling using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling (NLME).
  • Analysis of plasma samples from 27 MDR-TB patients receiving prothionamide.
  • Simulation of fixed-dose regimens (500 mg/day and 750 mg/day) and comparison of efficacy.

Main Results:

  • A two-compartment model with first-order elimination and transit absorption best described prothionamide PK.
  • All simulated regimens achieved >90% effectiveness for Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) <0.4 μg/mL.
  • Only the 750 mg/day fixed dose achieved target resistance suppression (≥90%) for MIC values <0.2 μg/mL.

Conclusions:

  • A fixed daily dose of 750 mg prothionamide is recommended for adult MDR-TB patients weighing 40-67 kg.
  • This fixed dose ensures adequate systemic exposure and resistance suppression.
  • Weight-band dosing may not be necessary for this patient population and dosage.