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Published on: November 30, 2015
Historic redlining, social mobility, and firearm violence.
Michael R Poulson1, Miriam Y Neufeld, Alexander LaRaja
1From the Department of Surgery (M.R.P., M.Y.N., A.L., L.A., K.M.K., T.D.), Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; and Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship (K.M.K.), University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
Historic redlining and income mobility significantly impact firearm violence rates. Increased Black income mobility showed a greater reduction in violence compared to White income mobility, highlighting structural racism
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Urban Studies
- Public Health
Background:
- Firearm violence research often overlooks structural factors.
- Historically redlined areas show higher firearm violence incidence.
- Downstream effects of redlining on violence require further study.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of historical redlining and current income mobility on firearm violence.
- To understand how race modifies the relationship between income mobility and firearm violence.
- To analyze the association between redlining, income mobility, and shooting rates.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cross-sectional study of firearm incidents in Boston (2016-2019).
- Spatially joined shooting data with Home Owner's Loan Corporation (HOLC) redlining maps.
- Linked data to census tract-level income mobility, stratified by race.
Main Results:
- Increases in Black income mobility (BIM) and White income mobility (WIM) correlated with decreased firearm incidents across all HOLC designations.
- BIM demonstrated a larger reduction in firearm incidents (RR 0.47) than WIM (RR 0.81).
- Above $50,000 BIM, no significant shooting rate differences existed between HOLC classifications; WIM disparities persisted.
Conclusions:
- Structural racism, including redlining and housing policies, significantly influences contemporary firearm violence.
- Economic preclusion linked to discriminatory housing practices exacerbates firearm violence.
- Targeting economic mobility, particularly for marginalized racial groups, may mitigate firearm violence.
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