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Matrix metalloproteinase 3 restricts viral infection by enhancing host antiviral immunity

Tingting Feng1, Hao Tong2, Zhihao Ming2

  • 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.

Antiviral Research
|August 8, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) demonstrates broad antiviral activity against viruses like VSV, H1N1, and HSV-1. This protein enhances immune responses, offering potential for new antiviral drug development.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Viral pandemics present significant global health and economic challenges.
  • The host immune system employs intricate mechanisms to combat viral infections.
  • Matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3), also known as stromelysin-1, is recognized for its emerging role in immune regulation during pathogen encounters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the antiviral properties of MMP3 against various viruses.
  • To elucidate the role of MMP3 in the host immune response to viral infections.
  • To explore the potential of MMP3 modulation for antiviral therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized in vitro and in vivo viral infection models.
  • Assessed viral susceptibility and immune response in MMP3-deficient and overexpressing mice.
  • Investigated the subcellular localization and molecular mechanisms of MMP3 action during infection.

Main Results:

  • MMP3 exhibited broad-spectrum antiviral activity against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), influenza A virus (H1N1), and human herpes virus 1 (HSV-1).
  • Mice lacking MMP3 showed increased susceptibility to viral infections and impaired immune responses.
  • Mice with MMP3 overexpression demonstrated resistance to viral infections.
  • Mechanistic studies revealed MMP3 translocation to the nucleus upon viral infection, influencing NF-κB activity and amplifying antiviral immunity.

Conclusions:

  • MMP3 possesses a novel and significant function in antiviral defense.
  • Modulating MMP3 activity presents a promising avenue for developing novel antiviral therapies.
  • This research provides new insights into host-pathogen interactions and immune regulation.
Keywords:
Antiviral responseImmune regulationInnate immunityMatrix metalloproteinaseVirus

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