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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

421
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
421

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A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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Stroke damages attentional maintenance in working memory.

Gaën Plancher1,2, Bernadette Naëgelé3, Victoria Guinet4

  • 1Laboratoire d'Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université Lumière Lyon 2, Paris, France.

Journal of Neuropsychology
|August 8, 2022
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Summary

Stroke survivors often experience working memory (WM) deficits. This study shows that impaired attentional maintenance processes, crucial for WM, contribute to these cognitive challenges in young post-stroke patients.

Keywords:
attentional refreshingstrokeworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Stroke is a leading cause of adult disability, frequently resulting in working memory (WM) impairments.
  • Existing research often examines WM through the multicomponent model, but this study adopts the time-based resource-sharing (TBRS) model.
  • Understanding WM deficits is crucial for effective stroke rehabilitation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the extent to which attentional maintenance is impaired in the working memory of young post-stroke patients.
  • To differentiate WM deficits related to attentional maintenance from those related to processing speed and short-term memory span.
  • To apply the time-based resource-sharing (TBRS) model to understand post-stroke cognitive impairments.

Main Methods:

  • A complex span paradigm was employed with 53 post-stroke patients and 63 healthy controls.
  • Participants alternated between memorizing images and performing a concurrent digit parity judgment task.
  • Cognitive load (CL) of the concurrent task was manipulated to assess attentional maintenance processes, with tasks adapted for individual processing speed and memory span.

Main Results:

  • Healthy controls outperformed post-stroke patients in recall performance.
  • Recall performance was higher under low cognitive load (CL) compared to high CL, consistent with existing literature.
  • The improvement in recall from low to high CL was less pronounced in post-stroke patients than in controls.

Conclusions:

  • Post-stroke working memory deficits are, in part, attributable to impairments in attentional maintenance processes.
  • The findings support the application of the time-based resource-sharing (TBRS) model in understanding cognitive sequelae of stroke.
  • This research highlights the need for targeted interventions addressing attentional deficits in stroke survivors to improve working memory function.