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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Mechanisms involved in hematopoietic stem cell aging.

Takeshi Fujino1, Shuhei Asada2, Susumu Goyama3

  • 1Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
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Summary

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) age due to internal and external factors, impacting the hematopoietic system. Understanding HSC aging mechanisms is key for developing rejuvenation therapies and preventing age-related diseases.

Keywords:
AgingClonal hematopoiesisHematological malignancyHematopoietic stem cellRejuvenation

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Cellular Aging
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) exhibit functional decline with age.
  • This aging process affects the hematopoietic system and increases susceptibility to diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms driving HSC aging.
  • To explore the roles of epigenetics and inflammation in HSC aging, clonality, and oncogenesis.
  • To discuss therapeutic strategies for HSC rejuvenation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on HSC aging.
  • Analysis of cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors contributing to HSC aging.
  • Examination of the interplay between epigenetics, inflammation, and HSC aging.

Main Results:

  • HSC aging is influenced by a combination of internal and external stressors.
  • Epigenetic alterations and chronic inflammation are significant contributors to HSC aging and cancer development.
  • Challenges in understanding HSC aging have spurred the development of rejuvenation therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive understanding of HSC aging mechanisms is crucial for therapeutic advancements.
  • Targeting epigenetic and inflammatory pathways may offer novel approaches for HSC rejuvenation.
  • Developing effective rejuvenation therapies for HSCs is a primary goal in aging research.