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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile01:25

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile

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Understanding serum lipids is crucial for maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing heart disease and stroke.
Serum lipids are fats and fatty substances in the blood and are crucial for various bodily functions, including energy storage, cellular structure, and hormone production. Serum lipids consist of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids.
Cholesterol is a soft, fat-like substance found in all body cells. It is crucial for producing hormones, vitamin D, and substances that aid...
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Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures01:26

Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures

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Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
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Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents01:20

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Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
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Overview of Lipid Metabolism01:24

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Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
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Lipids: Dietary Sources and Requirements01:18

Lipids: Dietary Sources and Requirements

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Lipids are an essential component of a balanced human diet. Triglycerides, which make up the majority of dietary lipids, are found in both saturated fats—commonly present in meat, dairy products, and certain tropical plants like coconut, and hydrogenated oils such as margarine and baking shortenings (trans fats)—and unsaturated fats, which are abundant in seeds, nuts, olive oil, and most vegetable oils. The main sources of cholesterol include egg yolks, various meats and organ...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein
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Considerations for routinely testing for high lipoprotein(a).

Nick S Nurmohamed1,2, Patrick M Moriarty3, Erik Sg Stroes1

  • 1Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Current Opinion in Lipidology
|August 9, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Measuring Lp(a) helps identify high-risk patients who may benefit from emerging Lp(a)-lowering therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Lipidology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is a confirmed causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and aortic valve disease.
  • Lp(a) levels show a linear association with ASCVD risk.
  • Standard low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) therapies have minimal impact on Lp(a) levels.

Approach:

  • This review examines the clinical significance and therapeutic implications of Lp(a) measurement.
  • It highlights the development of novel RNA-based therapies targeting Lp(a).
  • Discusses the role of Lp(a) as a principal residual risk factor in lipid-driven ASCVD.

Key Points:

  • Emerging RNA-based therapeutics, such as pelacarsen and olpasiran, demonstrate significant Lp(a) reductions (up to 90%).
  • Pelacarsen (antisense oligonucleotide) and olpasiran (small interfering RNA) are in late-stage clinical trials.
  • These therapies target LPA messenger RNA, offering a new avenue for ASCVD risk management.

Conclusions:

  • Routine Lp(a) measurement is recommended for all patients to identify individuals with very high levels.
  • Patients with elevated Lp(a) may benefit from future Lp(a)-lowering treatments.
  • Current management for high Lp(a) patients involves optimizing LDL-C reduction and addressing other ASCVD risk factors.