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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.1K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.0K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Bending of Members Made of Several Materials01:08

Bending of Members Made of Several Materials

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In analyzing a structural member composed of two different materials with identical cross-sectional areas, it is crucial to understand how their distinct elastic properties affect the member's response under load. The analysis involves assessing stress and strain distributions using the transformed section concept, which accounts for variations in material properties.
Hooke's Law determines stress in each material, stating that stress is proportional to strain but varies due to each...
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Related Experiment Video

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Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment
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Interlayer Coupling: An Additional Degree of Freedom in Two-Dimensional Materials.

Shenghai Pei1, Zenghui Wang1, Juan Xia1

  • 1Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.

ACS Nano
|August 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two-dimensional nanomaterials form van der Waals heterostructures with tunable properties. This perspective explores stacking order, electric fields, intercalation, and pressure as key tuning methods for these advanced materials.

Keywords:
2D heterostructureinterlayer couplingtwo-dimensional nanomaterialsvan der Waals interaction

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials possess a layered structure, enabling their assembly into artificial material systems.
  • Adjacent layers in these systems are held together by van der Waals interactions.
  • The physical properties of these heterostructures are significantly influenced by the coupling between layers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a perspective on experimental approaches for tuning the properties of van der Waals heterostructures.
  • To highlight key methods that modify interlayer coupling in 2D material systems.
  • To discuss future research directions for van der Waals heterostructures.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental techniques for manipulating 2D heterostructures.
  • Analysis of the impact of stacking order on material properties.
  • Investigation of electric field effects on interlayer coupling.
  • Exploration of intercalation and pressure as tuning parameters.

Main Results:

  • Stacking order, electric field, intercalation, and pressure are identified as four primary experimental methods to tune heterostructure properties.
  • These methods effectively modify the interlayer coupling, leading to controllable physical characteristics.
  • The review synthesizes current understanding of these tuning mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Van der Waals heterostructures offer a versatile platform for novel material design.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges and unlock the full potential of these tunable systems.
  • Continued exploration of tuning strategies will drive advancements in nanotechnology and condensed matter physics.