Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

2.3K
Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
2.3K
Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

4.6K
Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
4.6K
Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

1.5K
Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
1.5K
Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

1.1K
Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune...
1.1K
Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes01:30

Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes

92
Spirochetes, unique bacteria in the phylum Spirochaetes, are gram-negative, motile, tightly coiled, slender, and flexible. They inhabit aquatic sediments and animals, with some causing diseases like syphilis. Spirochetes are classified into eight genera based on habitat, pathogenicity, phylogeny, and characteristics.Their distinctive motility arises from endoflagella, located within the cell’s periplasm. These endoflagella anchor at the cell poles and extend along the cell length, encased...
92
Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes01:23

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes

2.3K
Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures that cluster along the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions. Each node is divided into compartments by a capsule that extends trabeculae inward.
From a histological perspective, lymph nodes can be split into two main areas: the superficial cortex and the deep medulla. The outer cortex is populated by dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes, which are densely packed into follicles. When these B-lymphocytes are presented...
2.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Characterization of Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies in Lyme Borreliosis Using In-House Developed ELISAs.

Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Author Correction: Lyme borreliosis.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
Same author

Clinical Manifestations of Lyme Borreliosis in Europe: Burden of Lyme Disease Study (BOLD), 2021-2022.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Lyme borreliosis.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
Same author

Clinical data on symptomatic cutaneous reinfections due to Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Slovenia.

Infection·2026
Same author

Influenza C Virus in Children With Acute Bronchiolitis and Febrile Seizures.

The Pediatric infectious disease journal·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Surgical Treatment of an Endolymphatic Sac Tumor
04:34

Surgical Treatment of an Endolymphatic Sac Tumor

Published on: May 26, 2023

801

Borrelial lymphocytoma.

Vera Maraspin1, Franc Strle2

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Japljeva 2, 1525, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift
|August 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Borrelial lymphocytoma, a rare skin condition from Lyme disease, typically presents as a single nodule and responds well to standard antibiotic treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment lead to a mild disease course with a good prognosis.

Keywords:
Borrelia afzeliiClinical characteristicsLyme borreliosisOutcomeTreatment

More Related Videos

Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting
07:36

Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting

Published on: May 1, 2015

14.5K
Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma
10:52

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Published on: March 30, 2018

11.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Surgical Treatment of an Endolymphatic Sac Tumor
04:34

Surgical Treatment of an Endolymphatic Sac Tumor

Published on: May 26, 2023

801
Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting
07:36

Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting

Published on: May 1, 2015

14.5K
Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma
10:52

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Published on: March 30, 2018

11.2K

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Medical Microbiology

Background:

  • Borrelial lymphocytoma is a rare skin manifestation of early localized European Lyme borreliosis.
  • It presents as a solitary nodule or plaque, more common in children and with male predominance.
  • Lesions typically appear on the breast in adults and earlobes in children, often linked to a tick bite.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of borrelial lymphocytoma.
  • To highlight the association with Borrelia afzelii and other Lyme disease manifestations.
  • To discuss factors influencing treatment outcomes and prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations and diagnostic findings for borrelial lymphocytoma.
  • Analysis of treatment responses and prognostic indicators.
  • Examination of epidemiological data including age and sex predilection.

Main Results:

  • Borrelial lymphocytoma is predominantly caused by Borrelia afzelii and frequently associated with erythema migrans.
  • Diagnosis is supported by serum antibodies in about half of patients, with spirochetes culturable from lesions in one-third.
  • A 14-day antibiotic course, similar to erythema migrans, is highly effective.

Conclusions:

  • Borrelial lymphocytoma is a generally mild disease with a good prognosis due to advancements in diagnosis and treatment.
  • Treatment success is linked to early intervention, while treatment failure may correlate with disseminated disease signs.
  • Improved understanding and diagnostics have led to earlier detection and successful management.