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Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2021: An Updated Summary
Insights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death in China, affecting millions and increasing due to aging and metabolic risks. Early prevention and better resource allocation are crucial for managing this growing public health challenge.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Cardiology
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality in China, contributing significantly to deaths in both rural and urban populations.
- An estimated 330 million individuals in China suffer from CVD, with specific high prevalences noted for hypertension, stroke, and coronary heart disease.
- China faces a growing CVD burden driven by an aging population and increasing metabolic risk factors, necessitating enhanced prevention and treatment strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the substantial burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in China.
- To emphasize the need for improved strategies in CVD prevention, treatment, and resource allocation.
- To advocate for early detection and management of risk factors like hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 2019 mortality data to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) as a cause of death.
- Compilation of prevalence data for various cardiovascular conditions and associated risk factors in China.
- Review of existing challenges and requirements for CVD management in the context of China's demographics.
Main Results:
- In 2019, CVD accounted for 46.74% and 44.26% of deaths in rural and urban China, respectively.
- Millions suffer from specific CVDs, including 245 million with hypertension, 13 million with stroke, and 11.39 million with coronary heart disease.
- The prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes affects hundreds of millions, often presenting with advanced vascular disease or major events like myocardial infarction and stroke.
Conclusions:
- The increasing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in China requires urgent attention to primary prevention, emergency care, and rehabilitation.
- Effective management necessitates addressing modifiable risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and smoking.
- Enhanced assessment of cardiovascular health and research into early pathological changes are vital for mitigating the impact of CVD.
Abstract:
In 2019, cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounted for 46.74% and 44.26% of all deaths in rural and urban areas, respectively. Two out of every five deaths were due to CVD. It is estimated that about 330 million patients suffer from CVD in China. The number of patients suffering from stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure, pulmonary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease, lower extremity artery disease and hypertension are 13.00 million, 11.39 million, 8.90 million, 5.00 million, 4.87 million, 2.50 million, 2.00 million, 45.30 million, and 245.00 million, respectively. Given that China is challenged by the dual pressures of population aging and steady rise in the prevalence of metabolic risk factors, the burden caused by CVD will continue to increase, which has set new requirements for CVD prevention and treatment and the allocation of medical resources in China. It is important to reduce the prevalence through primary prevention, increase the allocation of medical resources for CVD emergency and critical care, and provide rehabilitation services and secondary prevention to reduce the risk of recurrence, re-hospitalization and disability in CVD survivors. The number of people suffering from hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes in China has reached hundreds of millions. Since blood pressure, blood lipids, and blood glucose levels rise mostly insidiously, vascular disease or even serious events such as myocardial infarction and stroke often already occured at the time of detection in this population. Hence, more strategies and tasks should be taken to prevent risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and smoking, and more efforts should be made in the assessment of cardiovascular health status and the prevention, treatment, and research of early pathological changes.
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