The renal toxicity of (R)-3-chlorolactate in the rat

The renal toxicity of (R,S)-3-chlorolactate has been shown to be due to the (R)-isomer which, when administered to rats, induces diuresis and glucosuria. The metabolic activity of isolated tubule cells, prepared from rat kidney, was inhibited by (R)-3-chlorolactate and the action of the compound was localised as affecting mitochondrial metabolism. Studies with kidney mitochondria pin-pointed the site of action as being involved with the oxidative metabolism of malate but not the inhibition of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase. The effects of oxalate, a metabolite of (R)-3-chlorolactate, and of (R,S)-3-chlorolactaldehyde on renal tubule cells was investigated. While some degrees of inhibition of metabolic activity were evident, these compounds were not responsible for the toxic effects produced by (R)-3-chlorolactate.