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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
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Structural Phase Transitions in Anthracene Crystals.

Yuto Hino1, Takumi Matsuo1, Shotaro Hayashi1,2

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Summary

This review highlights molecular crystal engineering using anthracene molecules, inspired by sakura blossoms. It showcases beautiful arrangements of anthracene with falling petals, merging chemistry and art.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Molecular crystal engineering is crucial for designing materials with specific properties.
  • Anthracene derivatives are widely studied for their photophysical and electronic characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of recent advancements in molecular crystal engineering.
  • To showcase the aesthetic and structural beauty of anthracene-based molecular crystals.

Main Methods:

  • Crystal structure analysis
  • Spectroscopic techniques
  • Computational modeling

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of controlled self-assembly of anthracene molecules.
  • Correlation between molecular arrangement and macroscopic properties.
  • Visual representation of anthracene crystals inspired by natural elements.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular crystal engineering offers a pathway to novel functional materials.
  • Interdisciplinary approaches, combining art and science, can inspire new research directions.