Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Global Perspective and Recent Developments

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Neonatology
• Pediatrics

Background:

• Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a significant cause of preventable blindness in preterm infants globally.
• Abnormal retinal vascularization in ROP can lead to severe vision impairment and retinal detachment if untreated.
• Epidemiology and management of ROP vary geographically due to differences in neonatal care.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
• To discuss the pathophysiology, classification, diagnosis, screening, and treatment of ROP.
• To highlight historical milestones and recent advances, including telemedicine and artificial intelligence in ROP management.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of pathophysiology, risk factors, prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of ROP.
• Analysis of global epidemiological data and regional variations in neonatal care.
• Inclusion of recent updates to ROP classification and emerging technologies like AI and telemedicine.

Main Results:

• Understanding of ROP pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatment has evolved.
• Geographic variations in ROP prevalence exist, influenced by neonatal care standards.
• Technological advancements, including AI and telemedicine, are transforming ROP management.

Conclusions:

• Timely detection and treatment are crucial for preventing vision loss in ROP.
• Continued research and technological integration are essential for improving ROP outcomes.
• This review offers a comprehensive overview of ROP for clinicians and researchers.