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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 2, 2025

A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model
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Primary colonic melanoma: a rare entity.

Junhua Xie1, Gang Dai1, Yuhao Wu2

  • 1Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Fengdu People's Hospital, Chongqing, China.

World Journal of Surgical Oncology
|August 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reports the first large primary melanoma of the transverse colon with gastric involvement. Diagnosis requires ruling out metastasis, and treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach.

Keywords:
ColonMelanomaStomachSurgery

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Deficient Pms2, ERCC1, Ku86, CcOI in Field Defects During Progression to Colon Cancer
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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Primary gastrointestinal melanoma is rare, with the colon being an exceptionally uncommon site.
  • Gastrointestinal melanomas are typically metastatic, posing diagnostic challenges.

Observation:

  • A case of a large primary melanoma in the transverse colon with gastric involvement is presented.
  • Imaging revealed a colonic mass connected to the gastric antrum; endoscopy showed gastric and colonic ulcerated lesions.
  • Pathological examination confirmed submucosal malignant melanoma with epithelioid and spindle features, positive for S-100, HMB-45, Vimentin, and Melan-A.

Findings:

  • The diagnosis of primary colonic melanoma was established after excluding cutaneous and ocular origins.
  • Surgical resection included radical transverse colectomy and subtotal gastrectomy.
  • Histopathological confirmation and immunohistochemical staining were crucial for diagnosis.

Implications:

  • Primary colonic melanomas are diagnostically challenging and require a multidisciplinary treatment strategy.
  • Treatment options include surgery, BRAF-targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
  • This case highlights the importance of considering rare diagnoses in gastrointestinal oncology.