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Dermatological manifestations of the Coronavirus disease 2019 in children: a systemic review

Piotr Ciechanowicz1, Klaudia Dopytalska1, Michał Szczerba2

  • 1Dermatology Department, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education/Central Clinical Hospital MSWiA, Warsaw, Poland.

Postepy Dermatologii I Alergologii
|August 11, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric skin conditions, like chilblain-like lesions, can be early indicators of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Identifying these dermatoses in children offers a rapid diagnostic clue for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Viral Exanthems

Background:

  • Growing evidence links skin manifestations (dermatoses) to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
  • Observed differences in dermatoses' presentation and frequency exist between pediatric and adult populations.
  • Skin symptoms are frequently the sole presenting sign of COVID-19 in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To consolidate current knowledge on COVID-19-associated dermatoses in children.
  • To highlight the diagnostic utility of recognizing pediatric dermatological symptoms for early COVID-19 detection.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 22 full-text articles on pediatric COVID-19 dermatoses.
  • Analysis of dermatological presentations in 196 pediatric cases.
  • Correlation of dermatoses with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmation via RT-PCR.

Main Results:

  • Chilblain-like lesions were the most prevalent (88.3%), followed by maculopapular rash (8.2%) and erythema multiforme-like lesions (6.1%).
  • Dermatoses were the primary or only symptom in 68.4% of pediatric cases.
  • SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by RT-PCR in 26.1% of tested children.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric dermatoses associated with COVID-19 exhibit distinct patterns.
  • Prompt identification of these skin conditions in children can serve as an effective early warning sign for COVID-19.
  • Dermatological assessment is crucial for diagnosing COVID-19 in pediatric patients, especially when other symptoms are absent.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2chilblain-likecoronaviruspaediatricskin lesion

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