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Dynamic Changes in the Gut Microbial Community and Function during Broiler Growth.

Maosen Yang1,2, Lianzhe Shi1, Yile Ge1

  • 1School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.

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|August 11, 2022
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Summary

The gut microbiota of broilers changes with age, impacting their growth. High-weight broilers have different gut bacteria than low-weight ones, suggesting a link to metabolism and immunity.

Keywords:
body weightbroilersdiversityfecesfunctiongutmicrobiota

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Microbiology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Gut microbiota composition dynamically changes throughout a broiler's growth period.
  • Microbial communities significantly influence broiler performance and health outcomes.
  • Understanding post-4 weeks of age microbiota changes is crucial for broiler production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic changes in fecal bacterial communities and functions in broilers from 4 to 16 weeks of age.
  • To identify differences in gut microbiota between high-weight and low-weight broilers.
  • To explore the potential mechanisms by which gut microbiota influences broiler body weight.

Main Methods:

  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing was employed to analyze fecal bacterial communities.
  • Alpha and beta diversity analyses were performed to assess microbial community structure.
  • Comparisons were made between high-weight (HW) and low-weight (LW) broiler groups.

Main Results:

  • Dominant phyla identified were Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroides, constituting over 93.5% of fecal bacteria.
  • Alpha diversity showed a decreasing trend over time, while beta diversity differed significantly across time points.
  • Significant differences in microbial diversity and composition were observed between HW and LW broilers, with 22 genera linked to weight change.

Conclusions:

  • Gut microbiota composition and function evolve significantly during broiler growth, impacting body weight.
  • Microbial carbohydrate and lipid metabolism may influence broiler immune and energy metabolism, thereby affecting body weight.
  • These findings provide insights into broiler gut microbiota and offer guidance for improving broiler production.