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FABP1 expression in human tumors: a tissue microarray study on 17,071 tumors.

David Dum1, Ana Ocokoljic1, Maximilian Lennartz1

  • 1Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.

Virchows Archiv : an International Journal of Pathology
|August 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Fatty acid-binding protein 1 (FABP1) is highly expressed in liver and digestive tissues. FABP1 immunohistochemistry shows high tumor specificity and can help identify metastatic colorectal cancer in the lung.

Keywords:
DiagnosticFABP1Human cancerImmunohistochemistryTissue microarray

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are crucial for fatty acid metabolism and exhibit tissue-specific expression.
  • FABP1, predominantly found in the liver, is a potential diagnostic marker.
  • Understanding FABP1 expression patterns is key for its diagnostic and prognostic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively map FABP1 expression across a wide range of normal and neoplastic human tissues.
  • To evaluate the diagnostic utility of FABP1 immunohistochemistry in various cancer types.
  • To correlate FABP1 expression with clinicopathological features in colorectal cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry was performed on a large-scale tissue microarray (17,071 tumor samples, 608 normal tissue samples).
  • FABP1 expression was quantified and analyzed across 150 tumor types/subtypes and 76 normal tissue types.
  • Statistical analysis correlated FABP1 expression with clinicopathological parameters in colorectal cancer.

Main Results:

  • Strong FABP1 staining was observed in normal hepatocytes, kidney proximal tubuli, and the epithelium of the small intestine, appendix, and colorectum.
  • FABP1 positivity was detected in 24 of 150 tumor categories, with highest rates in colorectal adenomas (86%), colorectal adenocarcinomas (71.1%), and hepatocellular carcinomas (65.3%).
  • FABP1 expression was virtually absent in lung adenocarcinomas, suggesting its utility in differentiating primary lung cancers from gastrointestinal metastases.

Conclusions:

  • FABP1 exhibits significant tissue specificity, with high expression in normal liver and digestive tract epithelia.
  • FABP1 immunohistochemistry is a valuable tool for identifying primary and metastatic gastrointestinal cancers, particularly colorectal adenocarcinoma in the lung.
  • FABP1 expression levels in colorectal cancer correlate with tumor grade, location, and molecular features, offering potential prognostic insights.